Adobe Photoshop
Adobe Photoshop is an extremely powerful image editor.
Adobe Photoshop was developed and manufactured by Adobe Systems Inc. The software allows users to manipulate, crop, resize, and correct color on digital photos. The software is particularly popular amongst professional photographers and graphic designers.
The software provides many image editing features for raster (pixel-based) images as well as vector graphics. It uses a layer-based editing system that enables image creation and altering with multiple overlays that support transparency. Layers can also act as masks or filters, altering underlying colors. Shadows and other effects can be added to the layers. Photoshop actions include automation features to reduce the need for repetitive tasks. An option known as Photoshop CC (Creative Cloud) allows users to work on content from any computer.
Photoshop been the industry standard image manipulation program for so long that its name has become a verb: It is common parlance to say that an image has been “photoshopped” or even just “shopped." Shopped, in this context, is synonymous with edited, manipulated or faked -- often regardless of the software actually used.
Color Mode
The color mode or image mode determines how colors combine based on the number of channels in a color model. Different color modes result in different levels of color detail and file size. For instance, use CMYK color mode for images in a full-color print brochure, and use RGB color mode for images in web or e-mail to reduce file size while maintaining color integrity
Different Color Modes:
RGB mode (millions of colors)
CMYK mode (four-printed colors)
Index mode (256 colors)
Grayscale mode (256 grays)
Bitmap mode (2 colors)
RGB COLOR MODE
Photoshop RGB Color mode uses the RGB model, assigning an intensity value to each pixel. In 8bits-per-channel images, the intensity values range from 0 (black) to 255 (white) for each of the RGB (red, green, blue) components in a color image. For example, a bright red color has an R value of 246, a G value of 20, and a B value of 50. When the values of all three components are equal, the result is a shade of neutral gray. When the values of all components are 255, the result is pure white; when the values are 0, pure black.
RGB images use three colors, or channels, to reproduce colors on screen. In 8bits-per-channel images, the three channels translate to 24 (8 bits x 3 channels) bits of color information per pixel. With 24bit images, the three channels can reproduce up to 16.7 million colors per pixel. With 48bit (16bits-per-channel) and 96bit (32bits-per-channel) images, even more colors can be reproduced per pixel. In addition to being the default mode for new Photoshop images, the RGB model is used by computer monitors to display colors. This means that when working in color modes other than RGB, such as CMYK, Photoshop converts the CMYK image to RGB for display on screen.
Although RGB is a standard color model, the exact range of colors represented can vary, depending on the application or display device. The RGB Color mode in Photoshop varies according to the working space setting that you specify in the Color Settings dialog box.
CMYK COLOR MODE
In the CMYK mode, each pixel is assigned a percentage value for each of the process inks. The lightest (highlight) colors are assigned small percentages of process ink colors; the darker (shadow) colors higher percentages. For example, a bright red might contain 2% cyan, 93% magenta, 90% yellow, and 0% black. In CMYK images, pure white is generated when all four components have values of 0%.
Use the CMYK mode when preparing an image to be printed using process colors. Converting an RGB image into CMYK creates a color separation. If you start with an RGB image, it’s best to edit first in RGB and then convert to CMYK at the end of your editing process. In RGB mode, you can use the Proof Setup commands to simulate the effects of a CMYK conversion without changing the actual image data. You can also use CMYK mode to work directly with CMYK images scanned or imported from high-end systems.
Although CMYK is a standard color model, the exact range of colors represented can vary, depending on the press and printing conditions. The CMYK Color mode in Photoshop varies according to the working space setting that you specify in the Color Settings dialog box.
LAB COLOR MODE
The CIE L*a*b* color model (Lab) is based on the human perception of color. The numeric values in Lab describe all the colors that a person with normal vision sees. Because Lab describes how a color looks rather than how much of a particular colorant is needed for a device (such as a monitor, desktop printer, or digital camera) to produce colors, Lab is considered to be a device-independent color model. Color management systems use Lab as a color reference to predictably transform a color from one color space to another color space.
The Lab Color mode has a lightness component (L) that can range from 0 to 100. In the Adobe Color Picker and Color panel, the a component (green-red axis) and the b component (blue-yellow axis) can range from +127 to –128.
Lab images can be saved in Photoshop, Photoshop EPS, Large Document Format (PSB), Photoshop PDF, Photoshop Raw, TIFF, Photoshop DCS 1.0, or Photoshop DCS 2.0 formats. You can save 48bit (16bits-per-channel) Lab images in Photoshop, Large Document Format (PSB), Photoshop PDF, Photoshop Raw, or TIFF formats.
Note:
The DCS 1.0 and DCS 2.0 formats convert the file to CMYK when opened.
GRAYSCALE MODE
Grayscale mode uses different shades of gray in an image. In 8bit images, there can be up to 256 shades of gray. Every pixel of a grayscale image has a brightness value ranging from 0 (black) to 255 (white). In 16-and 32bit images, the number of shades in an image is much greater than in 8bit images.
Grayscale values can also be measured as percentages of black ink coverage (0% is equal to white, 100% to black).
Grayscale mode uses the range defined by the working space setting that you specify in the Color Settings dialog box.
BITMAP MODE
Bitmap mode uses one of two color values (black or white) to represent the pixels in an image. Images in Bitmap mode are called bitmapped 1bit images because they have a bit depth of 1.
DUOTONE MODE
Duotone mode creates monotone, duotone (two-color), tritone (three-color), and quadtone (four-color) grayscale images using one to four custom inks.
INDEXED COLOR MODE
Indexed Color mode produces 8bit image files with up to 256 colors. When converting to indexed color, Photoshop builds a color lookup table (CLUT), which stores and indexes the colors in the image. If a color in the original image does not appear in the table, the program chooses the closest one or uses dithering to simulate the color using available colors.
Although its palette of colors is limited, indexed color can reduce file size yet maintain the visual quality needed for multimedia presentations, web pages, and the like. Limited editing is available in this mode. For extensive editing, you should convert temporarily to RGB mode. Indexed color files can be saved in Photoshop, BMP, DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine), GIF, Photoshop EPS, Large Document Format (PSB), PCX, Photoshop PDF, Photoshop Raw, Photoshop 2.0, PICT, PNG, Targa®, or TIFF formats.
MULTICHANNEL MODE
Multichannel mode images contain 256 levels of gray in each channel and are useful for specialized printing. Multichannel mode images can be saved in Photoshop, Large Document Format (PSB), Photoshop 2.0, Photoshop Raw, or Photoshop DCS 2.0 formats.
These guidelines apply when converting images to Multichannel mode:
Layers are unsupported and therefore flattened.
Color channels in the original image become spot color channels in the converted image.
Converting a CMYK image to Multichannel mode creates cyan, magenta, yellow, and black spot channels.
Converting an RGB image to Multichannel mode creates cyan, magenta, and yellow spot channels.
Deleting a channel from an RGB, CMYK, or Lab image automatically converts the image to Multichannel mode, flattening layers.
To export a multichannel image, save it in Photoshop DCS 2.0 format.
Note: Indexed Color and 32-bit images cannot be converted to Multichannel mode.
Adobe Illustrator
Adobe Illustrator is a vector graphics editor developed and marketed by Adobe Systems. The latest version, Illustrator CC 2017, is the twenty-first generation in the product line.
Illustrator is a vector drawing program. It is often used to draw illustrations, cartoons, diagrams, charts and logos. Unlike bitmap images that stores information in a grid of dots, Illustrator uses mathematical equations to draw out the shapes. This makes vector graphics scalable without the loss of resolution.
Adobe Illustrator is a program typically used to create illustrations, charts, graphs, logos, diagrams, cartoons of real photographs, and more. Adobe Illustrator is a program used by both artists and graphic designers to create vector images. These images will then be used for company logos, promotional uses or even personal work, both in print and digital form.
Illustrator is not only limited to artists and graphic designers. Those who are looking to create a website can create a mockup through Illustrator, which they can use to create vector images that can be used over a wide variety of platforms. Since it is an Adobe product, Illustrator works seamlessly with other Adobe Programs in the Creative Suite.
It easily converts it into a bitmap or jpeg image. But, illustrations that are created as a raster image cannot be converted to vector images.
Common Uses for Illustrator
1) Designing Logos
2) Drawing Maps
3) Drawing Illustrations
4) Infographics
5) Photorealistic Drawings
6) Packaging Design
Tools in Adobe Illustrator
Tools in Adobe Illustrator are categories in following:
Selection tool gallery
The Selection tool: selects entire objects.
The Direct Selection tool: selects points or path segments within objects.
The Group Selection tool: selects objects and groups within groups.
The Magic Wand tool: selects objects with similar attributes.
The Lasso tool: selects points or path segments within objects.
The Artboard tool: creates separate art boards for printing or export.
Drawing tool gallery
The Pen tool: draws straight and curved lines to create objects.
The Add Anchor Point tool: adds anchor points to paths.
The Delete Anchor Point tool: deletes anchor points from paths
The Convert Anchor Point tool (Shift+C) changes smooth points to corner points and vice versa.
Type tool gallery
The Type tool (T): creates individual type and type containers and lets you enter and edit type.
The Area Type tool: changes closed paths to type containers and lets you enter and edit type within them.
The Type On A Path tool: changes paths to type paths, and lets you enter and edit type on them
Painting tool gallery
The Paintbrush tool (B): draws freehand and calligraphic lines, as well as art, patterns, and bristle brush strokes on paths.
The Mesh tool (U) creates and edits meshes and mesh envelopes
The Eyedropper tool (I): samples and applies color, type, and appearance attributes, including effects, from objects.
Reshaping tool gallery
The Eyedropper tool (I): samples and applies color, type, and appearance attributes, including effects, from objects
The Reflect tool (O): flips objects over a fixed axis
The Scale tool (S): resizes objects around a fixed point.
Symbolism tool gallery
The Scale tool (S): resizes objects around a fixed point.
The Symbol Sizer tool: resizes symbol instances.
The Symbol Stainer tool: colorizes symbol instances
Graph tool gallery
The Column Graph tool (J): creates graphs that compare values using vertical columns.
The Bar Graph tool: creates graphs that are similar to column graphs, but positions the bars horizontally instead of vertically.
The Pie Graph tool: creates circular graphs whose wedges represent the relative percentages of the values compared.
Moving and zooming tool gallery
The Hand tool (H) moves the Illustrator artboard within the illustration window.
The Print Tiling tool adjusts the page grid to control where artwork appears on the printed page.
The Print Tiling tool adjusts the page grid to control where artwork appears on the printed page.
Advantages of Vector Graphics
Scalable without resolution loss
Lines are crisp and sharp at any sizes
Print at high resolution
Smaller file size
Good for drawing illustrations
Disadvantages of vector graphics
Drawings tend to look flat and cartoon
Hard to produce photo realistic drawings
Sound Forge
This software allows you to edit and play back sound files. It will make permanent changes in your sound files (although there is a partial undo function), so it is best to work with a copy of your sound file. The software is primarily designed for people who work extensively with editing sound (like musicians and sound editors who do “post-production” editing for film and television). It is useful to linguists because it is very fast and very capable in dealing with very large audio files (and video too), and because it is ergonomically very efficient. Some of the features intended for sound editors can be put to use for the transcriber’s purposes.
Sony’s Sound Forge software provides an interface through which professionals such as audio archivists and reformatters can digitize and manipulate the information contained on analog formats. The software gives you the power to tweak and adjust levels, EQ, and all manner of other details.
Features
The application of choice.
Pristine sound quality. Record up to 32 simultaneous channels of 64-bit/192kHz audio for the ultimate in fidelity.
One-touch recording.
Precise audio editing.
Effects processing.
Seamless Interoperability with SpectraLayers Pro.
Red Book Audio CDs.
Audio-for-video.
Supported formats
Macromedia Flash (SWF) format open only
RealMedia 9 (RealAudio and RealVideo) - export only
Windows Media 9 Series (WMA and WMV) (i)
Microsoft Video for Windows (AVI) (i)
AIFF (AIFF, AIF, SND)
MPEG-1 and MPEG-2
MPEG-1 Layer 3 (MP3)
Ogg Vorbis (OGG)
Macintosh AIFF
NeXT/Sun (AU)
Sound Designer (DIG)
Intervoice (IVC)
Sony Perfect Clarity Audio (PCA)
Sony Media Wave 64 (W64) (i)
Sound Forge Project Files (FRG)
Dialogic (VOX)
Microsoft Wave (WAV)
ATRAC Audio (AA3, OMA) (i)
CD Audio (CDA)
Dolby Digital AC-3 studio - save only (i)
Raw Audio (RAW) (i)
Free Lossless Audio Codec (FLAC)
3ds Max
Formerly known as "3D Studio," 3ds Max is a 3D modeling, animation and rendering program from the Media and Entertainment division of Autodesk, Inc., San Rafael, CA. Widely used in the areas of interactive games, visual effects for movies and industrial design models, the software lets you create 2D shapes that become the cross sections of the 3D models. The application includes an animation module that uses inverse kinematics, which links components so that they move together, adding to the effect of bringing a character to life. 3ds Max carried Autodesk's Discreet brand name until 2005.
Developed and produced by Autodesk Media and Entertainment, Autodesk 3ds Max is software for rendering 3D animation, models and imagery. It was originally called 3D Studio and was created by the Yost Group of Atari for work on the DOS platform, and development started in 1988. It later was adopted for Windows NT with 3D Studio DOS release 4 and was subsequently renamed 3D Studio MAX. 3D studio MAX, also developed by the Yost group was produced by Kinetix, which was then the media and entertainment division of Autodesk. It was the release 8 of the original 3D Studio, which was renamed Autodesk 3ds Max which was made available to the public in 2009. 3ds Max offers much functionality targeted towards ease of use and faster image and animation rendition.
Major Applications of Autodesk 3ds Max
The software is used in developing CGI as well as applications ranging from academia to game development. Each use of the software requires the use of a different set of tools available in the software and as plug-ins. 3ds Max is available free of cost for students. However profession packs are available for sale.
Major Features of Autodesk 3ds Max
Autodesk 3ds Max is primarily, although not completely, based on polygon modeling. Polygon modeling is used more extensively in game design than in other animation application as it offers a highly specific control over individual polygons that make up the model. This feature of polygon modeling also allow for greater optimization of the model.
Usually, the design process begins at the selection of a primitive model bundled with 3ds, which is then further refined as per need. The current versions have a simplified mesh editing interface and using the ‘edit poly’ modifier which moves the tools available in the primitive model, higher in the modifier stack, allowing them to be used on top of other modifications.
In the 3ds Max software various unique primitive shapes such as teapots, cones, pyramids and cubes are available which can be used as a base for model development.
Although polygons are the method of choice for model building, surfaces are easier to define using other methods. 3ds Max’s subdivision surface support allows for smoothened surfaces and with the use of tools like Soft Selection, which allows manipulation of vertex clouds into the desired shape without distortions from unwanted shapes and displaying smooth surfaces. The sculpting brush feature allows smooth surfaces to be drawn by hand, if polygons give a distorted image, although functionality is limited.
The NURBs feature of Autodesk 3ds allows smooth surface rendition by use of mathematical formulae and is of greatest use to in accurate simulation of mechanical parts. This is of greatest use in applications such as automobile design and instrument design.
3ds Max allows the use of custom lighting and shadows and highlights can also be ‘burned’ into the image rendered. These settings are mostly used for game imagery, since pre-fit values of shadows and highlights allows the game engine to process less data thereby improving game speed and performance as the model is already painted with the required modifications.
This also means that for constant lighting conditions during play, especially if motion is involved, the images do not falter and give a constant, regular image, free of improper shadows and bad graphics.
For life like character models, 3ds Max includes simulation for hair, skin, cloth and fur, all requirements for simulation of living beings. These inbuilt add-ons reduce the time required for model development and improve the detail for each frame.
It also includes rigid body dynamics which means that simulation of hard bodies such as wood or bricks, is easy to perform. This software is also equipped with features like shatter effect to recreate the dynamics of shattering rigid objects. However, soft body dynamics, which allows for the motion simulation of deformable objects, is not supported by 3ds Max, which makes simulation of such objects difficult.
A very useful feature of this software is the support for Inverse Kinematics and Forward Kinematics. Inverse Kinematics or skeleton modeling allows the user to create a model and fit it with a skeleton, which can then be animated as per the requirements of the animator. This skeleton can then be placed inside the model, making the animating the model easier.
Tools available in Autodesk 3ds Max
* MAXScript: It is a scripting language which is built into the software and can automate repetitive tasks, give varying combinations of present features and developing tools and user interfaces. MAXScript can also be used to build plug-ins for 3ds Max.
* Scene Explorer: Scene Explorer provides an orderly, hierarchical view of scene data. It allows categorical editing of data, to achieve simplicity in editing complex sets and can also manage code in .NET.
* Character Studio: Initially a plug-in character studio is a tool for help in animating virtual characters, the Character Studio allows using stock skeleton animation to quickly and easily modify characters for a project which work on the ‘biped’ skeletal system.
* General keyframing: There are two keying modes; auto key and set key which provide support for separate workflows. The keyframing controls given help in easing the animation by providing simple, but important features like cut, copy and paste.
* Constrained animation: It allows animation of objects placed inside the constraints of their shape. This tool allows the animation of objects along curves with controls provided for smoothness, velocity, alignment, banking etc. and along surfaces.
* Skinning: Using with the Physique or Skin, a fine control of movement can be achieved and can be used in the most tricky of places.
* Integration with Autodesk Vault plug-in: The Autodesk Vault is a plug-in which is shipped along with 3ds Max and is used to integrate user data and assets on to one location, thus tracking progress on projects. Also, managing work in progress is an easier task. The plug-in enables users to safely and easily design, find, reuse and share 3ds Max models for a team production effort.
Conclusion
All in all, Autodesk 3ds Max is a useful software for learning and practicing animation and developing the skills required for 3D modeling and animation purposes. Along with having a very user friendly interface, it also can be used for managing professional projects in animation. One of the best features is added plug-in functionality which increases its features by a wide margin.
CorelDraw
CorelDRAW is one of the image-creating programs in a suite of graphic arts software used by professional artists, educators, students, businesses and the general public. The CorelDRAW Graphics Suite X7, which includes CorelDRAW, is sold as stand-alone software and as a cloud-based subscription. CorelDRAW is the core of the graphics suite and is primarily used for vector illustrations and page layouts.
CorelDraw is software created by Corel Corporation, and it is used for vector graphic editing and design. Launched in January 1989, CorelDraw was the first graphics design software for the Windows operating system.
Coral Corporation developed and released a software program called CorelDRAW, a vector graphics editor. The software is a robust graphics suite, providing many features for users to edit graphics. These features include contrast adjustment, color balancing, adding special effects like borders to images, and it is capable of working with multiple layers and multiple pages.
CorelDraw was originally released in January of 1989, running on the Windows 2.x operating system. Today, the software is still used by many people, with the latest version, X6, being released on March 20, 2012. CorelDRAW is primarily designed for the Windows operating system. There were several releases for Mac OS and Mac OS X, but poor sales resulted in the discontinuation of those versions. There was also a port to Linux in 2000, requiring a modified version of Wine to run the software.
COREL DRAW IS USED:
For complex drawings
For logo design (e.g current http://www.techlug.com logo)
Cover pages (for newspapers e.t.c)
Complimentary Cards.
Calendars etc.
FEATURES OF CORAL DRAW
NON-LINEAR EDITING
In digital video editing, non-linear editing is a method that allows you to access any frame in a digital video clip regardless of sequence in the clip. The freedom to access any frame, and use a cut-and-paste method, similar to the ease of cutting and pasting text in a word processor, and allows you to easily include fades, transitions, and other effects that cannot be achieved with linear editing.
LINEAR VIDEO EDITING METHOD
Linear video editing is a process of selecting, arranging and modifying images and sound in a pre-determined, ordered sequence – from start to finish. Linear editing is most commonly used when working with videotape. Unlike film, videotape cannot be physically cut into pieces to be spliced together to create a new order. Instead, the editor must dub or record each desired video clip onto a master tape.
For example, let’s say an editor has three source tapes; A, B and C and he decided that he would use tape C first, B second and A third. He would then start by cutting up tape C to the beginning of the clip he wants to use, then as he plays tape C, it would also be simultaneously recording the clip onto a master tape. When the desired clip from tape C is done, the recording is stopped. Then the whole process is repeated with tapes B and A.
Pros vs Cons
There are a couple of disadvantages one would come across when using the linear video editing method. First, it is not possible to insert or delete scenes from the master tape without re-copying all the subsequent scenes. As each piece of video clip must be laid down in real time, you would not be able to go back to make a change without re-editing everything after the change.
Secondly, because of the overdubbing that has to take place if you want to replace a current clip with a new one, the two clips must be of the exact same length. If the new clip is too short, the tail end of the old clip will still appear on the master tape. If it’s too long, then it’ll roll into the next scene. The solution is to either make the new clip fit to the current one, or rebuild the project from the edit to the end, both of which is not very pleasant. Meanwhile, all that overdubbing also causes the image quality to degrade.
However, linear editing still has some advantages:
It is simple and inexpensive. There are very few complications with formats, hardware conflicts, etc.
For some jobs linear editing is better. For example, if all you want to do is add two sections of video together, it is a lot quicker and easier to edit tape-to-tape than to capture and edit on a hard drive.
Learning linear editing skills increases your knowledge base and versatility. According to many professional editors, those who learn linear editing first tend to become better all-round editors.
NONLINEAR VIDEO EDITING METHOD
The nonlinear video editing method is a way of random access editing, which means instant access to whatever clip you want, whenever you want it. So instead of going in a set order, you are able to work on any segment of the project at any time, in any order you want. In nonlinear video editing, the original source files are not lost or modified during editing. This is done through an edit decision list (EDL), which records the decisions of the editor and can also be interchanged with other editing tools. As such, many variations of the original source files can exit without needing to store many different copies, allowing for very flexible editing. It is also easy to change cuts and undo previous decisions simply by editing the EDL, without having to have the actual film data duplicated. Loss of video quality is also avoided due to not having to repeatedly re-encode the data when different effects are applied.
Nonlinear editing differs from linear editing in several ways.
First, video from the sources is recorded to the editing computer’s hard drive or RAID array prior to the edit session.
Next, rather than laying video to the recorder in sequential shots, the segments are assembled using a video editing software program. The segments can be moved around at will in a drag-and-drop fashion.
Transitions can be placed between the segments. Also, most of the video editing programs have some sort of CG or character generator feature built in for lower-thirds or titles.
The work-in-progress can be viewed at any time during the edit in real time. Once the edit is complete, it is finally laid to video.
Non-linear video editing removes the need to lay down video in real time. It also allows the individual doing the editing to make changes at any point without affecting the rest of the edit.
Pros vs Cons
There are many advantages a nonlinear video editing system presents. First, it allows you access to any frame, scene, or even groups of scenes at any time. Also, as the original video footage is kept intact when editing, you are able to return to the original take whenever you like.
Secondly, nonlinear video editing systems offers the flexibility of editing. You can change your mind a hundred times over and changes can also be made a hundred times over without having to start all over again with each change. Thirdly, it is also possible to edit both standard definition (SD) and high definition (HD) broadcast quality videos very quickly on normal PCs which do not have the power to do the full processing of the huge full quality high resolution data in real-time.
The biggest downside to nonlinear video editing is the cost. While the dedicated hardware and software doesn’t cost much, the computers and hard drives do, from two to five times more than the gear. As such, the average price for a basic nonlinear video editing package can come in between $5,000 and $10,000. For stand-alone systems that approach broadcast quality, the amount you pay may be twice that. However, as the nonlinear technology pushes forward, count on big gains in digital video storage and compression, as well as lower prices on computers and hard disks in the very near future.
Adobe Flash
The Adobe Flash Platform is the leading web design and development platform for creating expressive applications, content, and video that run consistently across operating systems and devices and reach over 98% of Internet-connected desktop users. The Flash Platform consists of an integrated set of technologies—including client runtimes, tools, frameworks, services, and servers—that provide everything you need to deliver applications, content, and high-definition video to the widest possible audience.
Flash interface
Flash interface consist of following elements:
Stage: The stage is the main workspace of Flash, all your compositional elements (movie clips, buttons, graphics, and etc.) will be arranged here.. Content that is within the box in the middle of the stage will be visible when the Flash movie is output. The grey background area outside the box in the middle is 'off-stage'. You can animate content from off-stage onto the main stage area or use a background image that is larger than the main stage to move around as if the camera is panning across a background. The Stage has several context which are indicated along the top bar of the stage. It can present content that is in a Scene or can present sub-content such as objects from the library. You can show and hide the things that exceed the size of your stage by turning off/on Pasteboard (View>>Pasteboard)
Timeline: The numbers across the bottom correspond to the frames that occur as time progresses through the movie. You can navigate to any frame of your animation to perform editing. Also, Flash has layers just like many other Adobe applications. These appear along the left side of the Timeline.
Properties: The Properties tab changes depending on which tool on the toolbar you have selected or which object you have selected on the stage. Each object or tool has its own properties which can be adjusted in this tab.
When you have the Selection Tool selected and click the background of the stage, the Properties tab shows the Document Properties. Here you can set the size of your Flash file, background color, frame rate and exporting settings.
Library: The library tab will be your best friend in Flash. It holds all the symbol objects of each Flash file. You can organize your library like you did in your windows/mac directory. (i.e. created new folders for different types of elements, or nest one symbol in another)
DRAWINGS & SYMBOLS
There are two primary types in Flash, Drawings and Symbols. Drawings are created with the vector editing tools in Flash such as the Pencil, Brush, Oval, Rectangle, etc. Drawings have stroke and fill which can be reshaped via the Selection and Subselection tools as well as any other vector editing tools.
Symbols are a powerful feature of Flash in that you can draw an object once, save it in your library, and use it over and over. Symbols can be created from a Drawing, collections of Drawings and other Symbols, or external files (JPGs, PNGs for instance). Basically, symbols are like container for your visual/auditory elements. Instead of having hundreds of graphics, text, and other elements laying on the stage, you can create a symbol and use wherever you need it. If you want to change the appearance of every instance of that object throughout your movie you can directly edit the Symbol in the library. You can also break apart Symbols into their original objects to make derivatives of a Symbol.
Symbols: Movie Clips vs Graphic vs Button
There are three types of Symbols: a Movie Clip, a Graphic symbol, or a Button symbol.
These symbols can have actions applied to them to dynamically load, disappear, trigger other events, and many other things (in actionscript). The fundamental distinction between Movie Clips and Graphic are that the former has it own independent timeline whereas the latter shares the same timeline with the stage’s timeline. Button symbols are simplified objects with special frames for a mouse over appearance, and a click appearance.
TIMELINE & FRAME
In Flash we place all content in layers just like in Photoshop. The same tools exist to create a new layer, delete a layer, and create folders for layers. The primary difference is that content must be placed into a Keyframe on the timeline. Keyframes are frames in the timeline that contain information (content or script). Keyframes without content are denoted by an empty circle, keyframes with content have a filled circle. You can right-click on the timeline for a specific layer and select 'Insert Blank Keyframe' to begin adding content (when you create a new layer there is always a blank keyframe at frame 1). Click a blank or empty keyframe in the timeline to add content to that frame. A keyframe only lasts for one frame (if your movie is 30 frames per second a single keyframe is 1/30 of a second). To extend the length of a keyframe, right-click onto a frame further down the timeline and select 'Insert Frame'. You can also select, drag, copy and paste frames. Note that in order to perform any operation on a frame you must select it first
TOOLS
In the tool section in the toolbar, we have different type of tool to make graphic and modification in that. All the tools are fully describe below.
Selection Tool: Selection tool helps to select and modify the object shape. We can move any object which we have imported and drawn. We can delete the any part of any formatted picture but remember the picture should be break (To make break picture, press Ctrl + B key).
Subselection tool: When we need modification to make different shape of the drown graphic in the document, we need a tool that is Subselection tool. It highlight the anchor point of the graphic by click on that to arrange point and get different shape as required.
Free Transform tool: Free Transform tool is very important tool, this tool helps us to scale, reflect of the picture and we can rotate the object from the particuler point. we can also skew of object as per our requirement.
Gradient Transform Tool : With the help of this tool you can scale and rotate of the Gradient. When you fill the Gradient on object. Select the Gradient Transform tool or pres F. As you click on Gradient Transform tool a bounding box will appear on the objects. then you can work this bounding box Ex. Moving the gradient, move the focal point. (focal point applicable only Radial gradient.), increase and decrease of gradient, rotate the gradient as required.
Lasso Tool : Lasso tool is a free hand selection tool. you can use this tool to select the object as you required and delete. when you select lasso option one magic wand tool and magic wand setting also appear down of the tool pallet, you can change the setting of this tool.
Pen Tool: Pen tool used to draw graphics by the anchor points and create line path in the document.
Add Anchor Point: We can add the more anchor point on the path and any graphic drawn by any tool by clicking on the path.
Delete Anchor Point: We can delete the anchor point on the same way by Clicking on the Anchor Points
Convert Anchor Point: We can modify the path with the help of this tool.
Text Tool: Select the text tool to type text on the document, click on the document with selected text tool a text area will appeared on the document, write the text on the box. You can scale the text area by scaling and more options will appear on the properties panel.
Line Tool: With the help of line tool we can also make the curve path and draw straight line. To make curve graphic we should draw a straight line then make curve by the help of Subselection tool.
Rectangle Tool: This section has different type of shape tool to draw shape on the document like Rectangle, Oval, Rectangle Primitive, Oval primitive and polyStar shapes. You can also modify the tool property to get different type of shapes.
Pencil Tool: This is a freehand tool that's used to drawing. when you click on the pencil tool more option will appear bottom of the tool pallet. you can create those shapes also.
Brush Tool: It's also a freehand tool and used to crate drawing and lines in the document. The different mode of the tool are also available in the flash to get different brush effect, select brush tool some more option will appear on the bottom of the toolbar make setting and apply on.
Ink Bottle: This tool is used to change the color of stroke color and other options.
Paint Bucket: The paint bucket helps us to fill selected color in the selected area and graphic, choose any color from the color pallate and fill by the paint bucket tool.
Eye Dropper Tool: Eye Dropper tool helps to pick any color from the picture and graphic, As you want to fill a color that is not in the color pallate, open colored picture and pick color by eye dropper tool and fill anywhere in the document as required.
Eraser Tool: This is a eraser tool we can erase the object and unwanted area in the document by five different way, the list is given below.
The view section in the toolbox, we have two tool those are used to move the document and zoom picture, the tools are described below.
Hand Tool: With the help of hand tool, in the zoom mode of the document it is used to move document on any side or just hold down the space bar and move file with the help of the mouse.
Zoom tool: With the help of zoom tool, we can see the the object and picture in the zoom mode and modify on the right place as required and come back to actual size press double click on the zoom tool.
The color section in the toolbox, we have two tool those are used to fill stroke and foreground. The tools are described below.
Stroke color: When we draw any graphic by the help of any tool, the stroke automatically appear with the graphic with same graphic color. If we want to draw graphic with different stroke color, select stroke color before drawing.
Fill Color: First choose foreground color as you want to fill in the graphic then draw graphic on the document, it can also change after the drawing but the tool is given in the toolbar so make first color setting.
Adobe Premiere Pro
Adobe Premiere Pro is a video editing program that is part of the Adobe Creative Cloud software collection, as well as Adobe CS6 – or Adobe Creative Suite. Premiere Pro is used to edit videos, including movies, and is quickly becoming the go-to program for filmmakers all over the world, both amateur and pro.
Premiere Pro: The Non-Destructive Editor
When you're talking about film and video editing, there are two types of editing processes: linear and non-linear. Linear video editing was the way video was edited before digital video recorders and cameras became the primary way of shooting film. In linear editing, you would scrub through the footage by dragging the playhead in the program you were using to make the edits. You would select, arrange, and edit images and sound in the sequence of the footage. In other words, you had to "roll" through the entire film to find the place where you wanted to perform edits, then make those changes. The edits that you made changed the original version. In fact, you could say the original version was destroyed.
Non-linear video editing, on the other hand, allows you to go directly to the frame where you want to perform edits. Premiere Pro is a non-linear editor. You will start by capturing or ingesting content, then cut that content into pieces. You will be able to split clips, add filters and effects, and trim frames. However, Premiere Pro doesn't change the original footage, which is why we say it is non-destructive. The age of digital media, as opposed to reels of tape, helped make this kind of non-linear editing possible.
THE WORKSPACE LAYOUT
Each workspace item appears in its own panel, and multiple panels can be combined into a single frame. Some items with common industry terms stand alone, such as Timeline, Audio Mixer, and Program Monitor. The main user interface elements are as follows:
• Timeline panel:
This is where you’ll do most of your actual editing. You view and work on sequences (the term for edited video segments or entire projects) in the Timeline panel. One strength of sequences is that you can nest them (place sequences inside other sequences). In this way, you can break up a production into manageable chunks or create unique special effects.
• Tracks:
You can layer—or composite—video clips, images, graphics, and titles on an unlimited number of tracks. Video clips on upper video tracks cover whatever is directly below them on the Timeline. Therefore, you need to give clips on higher tracks some kind of transparency or reduce their size if you want clips on lower tracks to show through.
• Monitor panels:
You use the Source Monitor (on the left) to view and trim raw clips (your original footage). To view a clip in the Source Monitor, double-click it in the Project panel. The Program Monitor (on the right) is for viewing your sequence. Some editors prefer working with only one monitor screen. The lessons throughout this book reflect a two-monitor configuration. You can change to a single-monitor view if you choose. Click the Close button on the Source tab to close that monitor. In the main menu, choose Window > Source Monitor to open it again.
• Project panel:
This is where you place links to your project’s media files: video clips, audio files, graphics, still images, and sequences. You can use bins—similar to folders—to organize your assets.
• Media Browser:
This panel helps you browse your hard drive to find footage. It’s especially useful for file-based camera media.
• Effects panel:
This panel contains all the clip effects you will use in your sequences, including video filters, audio effects, and transitions (docked, by default, with the Project panel). Effects are grouped by type to make them easier to find.
• Audio Mixer:
This panel (docked, by default, with the Source and Effect Controls panels) is based on audio production studio hardware, with volume sliders and panning knobs. There is one set of controls for each audio track on the Timeline, plus a master track.
मल्टीमीडिया और उसके कार्य 
Multimedia and Its Works
Type of Multimedia Information
Ways of Communication
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